Notes Random walk Random walks, also known as stochastic processes, play a significant role in various areas of astrophysics. A random walk is a mathematical model that describes a system where a particle ...
Notes Various stages of star formation Star formation is a complex process that involves the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud, leading to the formation of a protostar and, eventually, a main-sequence ...
Notes Spectrum of primary cosmic rays Primary cosmic rays are high-energy particles that originate from sources outside of our solar system and travel through space at close to the speed of light. These particles include protons, ...
Notes Jeans instability In the interstellar model, molecular clouds are the sites of star formation. Clouds must be in hydrostatic equilibrium for stability, which requires that internal pressure be in equilibrium with …
Notes Optical aberration In astrophysics, optical aberration refers to the distortion or deviation of light as it passes through the Earth's atmosphere or other optical systems, such as telescopes. Optical aberration can …
Notes Magnitude of the star The magnitude of a star is a measure of its brightness as seen from Earth. It is logarithmically based on the amount of light that reaches our eyes from a ...
Notes Radiative energy transport Radiative energy transport refers to the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves or photons. It occurs as a result of the emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter, and …
Notes Energy transfer mechanism Local thermodynamical equilibrium:Thermodynamical equilibrium between the gases (neutral, partially ionized, completely ionized) and radiation in which Maxwellian velocity distribution (neutral gas), …
