Notes Screening doublet law The "screening doublet law" in X-ray spectroscopy refers to a specific empirical relationship observed in the energies of characteristic X-ray emission lines from elements. This law describes how the …
Notes Spin and screening dublets in X rays spectrum In X-ray spectroscopy, particularly in the context of inner-shell transitions within atoms, spin and screening dublets refer to specific features in the spectrum that arise due to the spin-orbit …
Notes Fine structure of X ray levels The "fine structure" of X-ray levels refers to the detailed characteristics and properties associated with the energy levels of X-rays. Here are some key points regarding the fine structure of ...
Notes Broadening of spectral line It has been observed that no strictly sharp spectral lines have been observed. It has a fixed width that depends on the reserving power of the optical instrument by which ...
Notes Paschen-Back effect The Paschen-Back effect refers to the splitting of spectral lines in the presence of a strong magnetic field, which causes the energy levels of atoms or ions to change. This ...
Notes Lande - g factor for two electron system for j j coupling The Lande g factor, often denoted as g, describes the splitting of energy levels in atoms due to the interaction of the magnetic moment associated with angular momentum (either orbital ...
Notes Hyperfine Structure of Spectral lines The hyperfine structure of spectral lines refers to the splitting of atomic energy levels in atoms or ions due to interactions between the magnetic moments associated with the electron spin, ...
Notes Spin Orbit interaction energy for atoms having two valence electrons assuming L- S coupling For single valence electron system, the spin orbit interaction energy in terms of wavenumber is given byIn case of two valence electrons, there are four angular momenta l_1*, s_1*, ...